how to learn artificial intelignet
What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Artificial
intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in
machines that are programmed to think like humans
and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that
exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.
Types of artificial intelligence
Arend Hintze, an assistant
professor of integrative biology and computer science and engineering at
Michigan State University, categorizes AI into four types, from the kind of AI
systems that exist today to sentient systems, which do not yet exist. His
categories are as follows:
Type 1: Reactive machines. An example is Deep
Blue, the IBM chess program that beat Garry Kasparov in the 1990s.
Deep Blue can identify pieces on the chess board and make predictions, but it
has no memory and cannot use past experiences to inform future ones. It
analyzes possible moves -- its own and its opponent -- and
chooses the most strategic move. Deep Blue and Google's AlphaGO were
designed for narrow purposes and cannot easily be applied to another situation.
Type 2: Limited memory. These AI systems can
use past experiences to inform future decisions. Some of the decision-making
functions in self-driving cars are designed this way. Observations
inform actions happening in the not-so-distant future, such as a car changing
lanes. These observations are not stored permanently.
Type 3: Theory of mind. This psychology term
refers to the understanding that others have their own beliefs,
desires and intentions that impact the decisions they make. This kind
of AI does not yet exist.
Type 4: Self-awareness. In this category, AI
systems have a sense of self, have consciousness. Machines with self-awareness
understand their current state and can use the information to infer what others
are feeling. This type of AI does not yet exist .
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